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The Rise of Geography During the Age of Exploration

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The Rise of Geography During the Age of Exploration

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Christopher Columbus’s geographical contributions

Christopher Columbus’s 1492 transatlantic voyage reshaped the geography understanding of the world

He proved the Atlantic Ocean was crossable. his expeditions mapped plenty of unknown islands and created the earliest Europeans maps of the new world.

Mapping the Caribbean Basin:

Between 1492 and 1504, Columbus completed four transatlantic voyages. He accurately mapped the coastlines of several Caribbean islands ( such as Cuba,Hispaniola, and Jamaica ) and parts of Central America and northern South America.

Discovery of Compass Variations:

During his 1492 voyage, Columbus became the first European to observe and record differences between magnetic north and true geographical north, making contributions to the science of navigation

Identifying the South American mainland:

On his third voyage in 1498, Columbus observed massive amounts of fresh water flowing into the Gulf of Paria from the Orinoco River delta.

Reevaluating Earth’s size and shape:

Columbus voyage led to the European discovery of the Americans for them and opened new sea routes for exploration.

His voyage greatly expanded geographical knowledge and inspired many other explorers to travel across the Atlantic. It also increased trade between different parts of the world and led to the exchange of crops, animals, technologies, and ideas between Europe and the Americas, a process known as the Columbian Exchange. These events played an important role in shaping world history, even though they also had serious negative consequences for Indigenous peoples, including colonization, disease, and exploitation.

Inspiration of Ptolemy:

Ptolemy’s book, the Geographia, was one of the most influential geography books in Europe during the Renaissance. It described the known world and encouraged scholars and explorers to think about global geography

Columbus studied Ptolemy’s ideas along with the works of other scholars. He accepted Ptolemy’s view that the Earth was spherical, but he also relied on other sources and made his own incorrect calculations, which led him to believe that Asia could be reached by sailing west across the Atlantic.

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